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Sir Galahad
Joined: 16 Jun 2004
Posts: 1938
Location: Avalon
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 Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:10 pm Post subject: |
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Dear Peaceoff,
Because Japan was bombed into submission, it capitulated and therefore people imprisoned in concentration camps who would otherwise have died, survived.
Secondly, if Japan had not been bombed into submission and had been invaded by the Russians and Americans more Japanese citizens would have died.
So, yes, these bombs actually saved a lot of lives strange as that may seem to you.
Read some history and find out.
Kind regards,
_________________
Courage is rightly esteemed the first of human qualities, because it is the quality which guarantees all others. _Winston Churchill
Winter is Coming. - Motto of House Stark |
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peaceoff
Joined: 08 Mar 2006
Posts: 248
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:20 pm Post subject: |
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| Sir Galahad wrote: |
Dear Peaceoff,
Because Japan was bombed into submission, it capitulated and therefore people imprisoned in concentration camps who would otherwise have died, survived.
Secondly, if Japan had not been bombed into submission and had been invaded by the Russians and Americans more Japanese citizens would have died.
So, yes, these bombs actually saved a lot of lives strange as that may seem to you.
Read some history and find out.
Kind regards, |
I know all about it, what you're saying is they killed millions to save millions... great logic!
i have already debunked it, if you care to search my posts. 
_________________
Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians....on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve
(Quran 2: 62 and 5: 69) |
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Durandal
Joined: 02 Aug 2005
Posts: 324
Location: Blighty
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:27 pm Post subject: |
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| This isn't just an article on the internet, it's a travelling roadshow paid for by the dhimmi British taxpayer. It starts in Manchester & plans to tour the rest of the country spreading it's lies. Scary! |
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Visitor
Joined: 10 Mar 2006
Posts: 659
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:30 pm Post subject: |
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maybe so, but it still prevented ww3. Also no matter what evil deeds anyne did it doesn't make evil good. Truman is dead, are you saying the people of today are to blame? Even the people back then protested for peace and were shocked.
Now compare that with the reactions of the muslim world on 9/11. Isn't it funny how many people were agains the war against Iraq and some even went there to be human shields - and they weren't even muslims. Compare that with the happyness of most muslims there when the towers fell. Hell the even had celebrations. |
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Sir Galahad
Joined: 16 Jun 2004
Posts: 1938
Location: Avalon
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:35 pm Post subject: |
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Dear Peaceoff,
These bombings did not kill millions, but did save millions.
Read some history.
Kind regards,
_________________
Courage is rightly esteemed the first of human qualities, because it is the quality which guarantees all others. _Winston Churchill
Winter is Coming. - Motto of House Stark |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:45 pm Post subject: |
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| Sir Galahad wrote: |
Dear Peaceoff,
Because Japan was bombed into submission, it capitulated and therefore people imprisoned in concentration camps who would otherwise have died, survived.
Secondly, if Japan had not been bombed into submission and had been invaded by the Russians and Americans more Japanese citizens would have died.
So, yes, these bombs actually saved a lot of lives strange as that may seem to you.
Read some history and find out.
Kind regards, |
As far as Japan is concerned and the lies about Islamic inventions:
Gardens:
700 A.D. Nara (710 - 794) Chinese garden art introduced to Japan via Buddhism |
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'Nuf_Already
Joined: 16 Feb 2006
Posts: 1031
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:48 pm Post subject: |
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This is absolutely typical of muslims. They steal from others and then claim it their own!
_________________
Vote Labour, Get Sharia.
Labour government is a government for muslims. A Tory government will be a government for islam.
Daub your ballot paper with profanity but do not waste your vote on any of these islamic arse lickers. |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 10:57 pm Post subject: |
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| thunderbalt wrote: |
This is the article:
There are many inaccuracies therein.
How Islamic inventors changed the world
19 Gunpowder: Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders. By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.
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History of Gunpowder:
The Roots Of Rocketry
Historians believe that armies began hurling combustible weapons toward one another as early as 1,000 B.C. At the time, fire pots were used to set fires. Fire pots were simply pots containing flammable materials like naphtha that were ignited and hurled by various mechanical devices.
The concept was simple, yet effective as fire pots were able to be easily deployed and could set fires over fairly large areas. Still, these were not rockets in the traditional sense.
The Reaction Principle Is First Demonstrated
Although the exact date remains a mystery, it is believed that the reaction principle was first demonstrated about 360 B.C. by a Greek named Archytas.
Far from demonstrating the reaction principle in a weapon, Archytas simply filled a hollow clay pigeon with water. He then suspended the clay pigeon by string over a fire.
The heating of the water produced steam, and the clay pigeon could move under its own power as steam escaped through strategically placed holes. Archytas could hardly have imagined that the same basic principle would one day carry men to the Moon.
The Chinese Introduce Gunpowder
By about 200 B.C. it is believed that the Chinese mastered the mixing and use of gunpowder. Known as black powder until the invention of guns, gunpowder would prove to be the primary ingredient of the first true ballistic rockets.
The Chinese created the first gunpowder through the traditional mixing of charcoal, saltpeter and sulphur. While rocketry was still a long way away, the explosive nature of gunpowder was well demonstrated by the Chinese through the loading and detonation of firecrackers.
Hero Demonstrates The Reaction Principle
As the Chinese continued to experiment with gunpowder, a second primitive demonstration of the reaction principle surfaced in Alexandria. Historians believe that some time in the first century A.D. the aeolopile was invented.
The aeolopile, or reaction wheel, was a primitive version of the steam turbine first demonstrated by the Alexandrian Hero. Although no practical use of the aeoloplie was found at the time, it was an oddity similar to the clay pot of Archytas.
Simply a hollow globe pivoted to turn on two central trunions, the aeolopile was able to rotate when steam passed through internal tubes.
The Chinese Adapt Gunpowder To Fireworks
By about 600 A.D. it is believed that the Chinese had adapted the use of gunpowder from firecrackers to fireworks. Certain writings of the era indicate that the Chinese used small explosive charges to send other explosive charges into the air for entertainment.
Chinese Introduce Fire Arrows
Although the date of their introduction is uncertain, writings indicate that in 994 A.D. the Chinese used fire arrows in battle. Fire arrows were traditional arrows tipped with flammable materials like pitch, bitumen or resin.
In 994 A.D. the Chinese city of Tzu T'ung was attacked by an army of 100,000 men. The commander of the defensive forces, named Chang Yung, ordered a response to the attack using artillery fire made up of catapulted stones and fire arrows launched by bows.
The Chinese Adapt Gunpowder To Fire Arrows
In 1045, a Chinese government official named Tseng Kung-Liang wrote a complete account of the Chinese use of gunpowder, including its adaptation to weaponry.
Called "Wu-ching Tsung-yao" (Complete Compendium of Military Classics) the work detailed the use of ballistic fire arrows not launched by bows, but by charges of gunpowder.
While the date of their introduction is uncertain, the fire arrows launched by gunpowder are considered to be the first true rockets. These fire arrows were traditional feathered arrows propelled by ignited gunpowder housed in a tube tied to the arrow.
The fire arrows carried flammable materials or sometimes poison-coated heads. In a form more closely resembling modern rockets, the gunpowder tube was lengthened to the tip of the arrow and given a pointed nose, eliminating the need for a traditional arrowhead.
Once it was discovered that the fire arrows flew a straight path even after their feathers were burned up by the gunpowder exhaust, the feathers were completely removed. The resulting fire arrow was quite similar in appearance to fireworks used today.
The Chinese typically launched these fire arrows in salvoes from arrays of cylinders or boxes which could hold as many as 1,000 fire arrows each. The fire arrows propelled by gunpowder may have had a range of up to 1,000 feet.
The use of gunpowder propelled weapons proliferated in the coming centuries, especially after their existence was confirmed by Europeans. In 1232, descriptions of a Mongolian siege of the city of Kai-fung-fu were widely circulated.
During this battle, the Mongols employed a potent form of fire arrow described as causing "thunder that shakes the heavens". These may have been primitive grenades launched by gunpowder propelled fire arrows. A single one of these was reportedly able to burn a 2,000 foot area.
In 1258, the Mongols were reported to have used gunpowder propelled fire arrows in their effort to capture the Arab city of Baghdad. The Mongols reportedly launched gunpowder propelled fire arrows from ships during their attacks on Japan in 1274 and 1281.
The Use Of Gunpowder Fire Arrows Spreads
By the end of the 13th century, armies of Japan, Java, Korea and India are believed to have acquired sufficient knowledge of gunpowder propelled fire arrows to begin using them against the Mongols. Use of the weapons quickly spread throughout Asia and Eastern Europe.
Military writings of al-Hasan al-Rammah indicate that in 1285, Arabs began using gunpowder propelled fire arrows in combat. It is believed that gunpowder propelled fire arrows were subsequently used by Arabs against French troops of Louis IX during the 7th Crusade.
There is still debate as to the specific design and effectiveness of gunpowder propelled fire arrows, but they remain the solitary spark that ignited the path to modern rocketry.
The Use Of Gunpowder Advances
At the same time gunpowder propelled fire arrows were blazing in battle, scientific papers on the subject of the preparation of gunpowder and its application in weaponry were being published in Europe. Notable works were prepared by Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus and Marchus Graecus before the close of the 13th century.
The Word "Rocket" First Appears
In 1379, an Italian named Muratori used the word "rochetta" when he described types of gunpowder propelled fire arrows used in medieval times. This is believed to be the first use of the word later translated in English as "rocket".
War Rockets Are Studied And Refined
In the early 15th century, the scientific analysis of war rockets continued. In 1405, Konrad Kyser von Eichstadt wrote "Bellifortis" (War Fortifications) which described war rockets in use at the time.
The work "Chronicles" by Jean Froissart, published in 1410, outlined the design of tube-launched military rockets. A sketchbook of military rockets called "Bellicorum Instrumentorum Liber" (Book Of War Instruments) by Joanes de Fontana followed in 1420.
The French are reported to have made extensive use of war rockets throughout the 15th century. In 1429, French troops led by Joan of Arc reportedly used rockets in their successful defense of the city of Orleans. The French also are reported to have used rockets in their sieges of Pont-Andemer in 1449, Bordeaux in 1452 and Gand in 1453.
The First Attempt At Propelling A Man By Rocket Is Made
The 16th century may have dawned with the first attempt to carry a man in a rocket propelled vehicle. According to Chinese folk tale, a man named Wan-Hoo attempted this in around 1500. He reportedly took two large horizontal stakes and tied a seat between them.
Under the primitive device were placed 47 rockets set to be lit all at the same time. When the rockets were ignited, they burned erratically and could not provide effective thrust to move the contraption. Wan-Hoo is said to have burned to death in the resulting fire.
War Rockets Continue To Advance
Vannoccio Biringuccio published "De La Pirotechnia" (On Pyrotechnics) in 1540. While this was primarily a book on metallurgy, it did contain several chapters on the preparation and use of rockets in warfare and festivals.
The book "Livre De Cannonerie Et Artifice De Feu" (Book Of Cannons And Fireworks) was published anonymously in Paris in 1561. It described how to construct 3.5-foot and 4-foot long rockets.
In 1597, Daniel Pavelourt published "Briefve Instructions Sur Le Fait De L'artillerie De France" (Brief Instructions On Matters Of French Artillery) which contained instructions on how to construct small military rockets. The book "La Pyrotechnie" (Pyrotechnics), published by Hanzelet Lorrain in 1630, also described the construction of rockets.
Nathaneal Lye published "The Art Of Gunnery" in 1647, which contained detailed instructions on the construction, handling and operation of a variety of pyrotechnic and military rockets. Several types of military rockets are also described in "Artis Magnae Artilleriae" (Great Art Of Artillery), published by Kazimierz Siemienowicz in 1650.
German field artillery colonel Christoph Friedrich is reported to have begun experimenting with war rockets weighing 55 to 120 pounds as early as 1668. In 1680, Peter the Great established the first rocket factory in Russia. Originally located in Moscow, the rocket factory provided the Russian Army with battlefield illumination rockets.
The Reaction Principle Is Scientifically Defined
Perhaps the most far reaching development in rocketry, if not in all of science, occurred in 1687 when Sir Isaac Newton published "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles Of Natural Philosophy) which detailed what became known as the "Universal Laws Of Motion".
While Newton did not intend to deal specifically with rocketry, he did apply mathematical models to the natural principles that make rockets work. His observations included the following, which are still fundamental models for rocketry and space science:
1. Newton's Third Law Of Motion stated, "For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." This remains the fundamental principle of rocket propulsion, even today known as "reaction thrust".
2. Newton theorized that if an object could be fired fast enough and at a high enough altitude, it would not fall, but could achieve an orbit around Earth.
3. Newton theorized that the gravitational pulls of the Sun and the planets affect the orbits of one another. This led to an accepted "system of the world" which predicted natural changes in the orbits of the known planets.
The Newtonian "system of the world" which predicted previously unexplained natural variations in the orbital paths of the planets led directly to the discovery of Neptune in 1846 and Pluto in 1930.
Newton's Third Law Of Motion was demonstrated successfully in 1720 when Dutchman Jacob Willem Gravesande built a model of a car propelled by an internal steam engine. Steam reaction became a platform for the design and testing of a plethora of vehicles, none of which proved practical. |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 11:10 pm Post subject: |
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| thunderbalt wrote: |
This is the article:
There are many inaccuracies therein.
How Islamic inventors changed the world
From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we take for granted in daily life. As a new exhibition opens, Paul Vallely nominates 20 of the most influential- and identifies the men of genius behind them
Published: 11 March 2006.
1 Coffee: The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Mecca and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645. It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London. The Arabic qahwa became the Turkish kahve then the Italian caffé and then English coffee.
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http://www.decentcoffee.com/CoffeeHistory.html
Coffee:
According to legend,
Arabian coffee-drinking began almost 12 centuries
ago (850 A.D.) when an Abyssinian goat herder
named Khalid noticed that while the afternoon sun
made him drowsy, his flock frolicked and skipped
about after nibbling at some berries. Khalid either
ate the berries whole, or ground and boiled the them.
When his wife saw how energetic the normally
exhausted Khalid was, she urged him to share this
miraculous discovery with the local holy man at the
monastery. The chief monk did not share Khalid's
enthusiasm. Declaring the berries "the work of the
Devil," he flung them into a fire to banish their
offending presence. Soon the room filled with the
delicious aroma of roasting berries, and other monks
hurried in to discover the source of this new delight.
The chief monk retrieved the smoldering berries, deposited them in water and instructed the
other monks to sip the elixir. As they drank it down heartily, they experienced the clarity and
vigor Khalid had described. The brew was proclaimed a miracle and was then used to keep
them awake during their evening prayers
In another story, the name of the first person to discover coffee was:
Kaldi the goatherd
How can he be a Muslim if all is about monks?
Last edited by thunderbalt on Sat Mar 11, 2006 11:25 pm; edited 1 time in total |
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'Nuf_Already
Joined: 16 Feb 2006
Posts: 1031
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 11:16 pm Post subject: |
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| Durandal wrote: |
| This isn't just an article on the internet, it's a travelling roadshow paid for by the dhimmi British taxpayer. It starts in Manchester & plans to tour the rest of the country spreading it's lies. Scary! |
Really!
Could it not be countered by thunderbalt's excellent response?
Good work thunderbalt! The only these idiots can be stopped from spreading such obvious lies is to counter them with hard facts.
Mind you then they will begin to cry like little babies, cry foul and burn a fews embassies in some God foresaken arab country! Our govenments will give in and the French will pass a resolution in the UN agreeing to grant them these inventions and soon our kids will be taught this garbage in schools as facts! WTF!
_________________
Vote Labour, Get Sharia.
Labour government is a government for muslims. A Tory government will be a government for islam.
Daub your ballot paper with profanity but do not waste your vote on any of these islamic arse lickers. |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sat Mar 11, 2006 11:23 pm Post subject: |
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| thunderbalt wrote: |
This is the article:
There are many inaccuracies therein.
How Islamic inventors changed the world
1 Coffee: .
2 Vision:
3 Chess:
4 Flying:
5 Bathing: .
6 Distillation
7 The crank-shaft
8 Quilting
9 Architecture:
10 Instruments:
11 The windmill
12. Inoculation
13 The fountain pen
14 The system of numbering
15 Three course meal:
16 Carpets
17 The modern cheque
18 Earth is round:
19 Gunpowder:
20 Gardens: |
So Far:
The following 7 of the 20 above has been debunked in this thread so far:
(Numbering following above order):
1. Coffee
5. Bathing
14. Numbering
17. Modern cheque
18. Earth is round
19. Gunpowder
20. Gardens |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sun Mar 12, 2006 12:00 am Post subject: |
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| thunderbalt wrote: |
This is the article:
There are many inaccuracies therein.
How Islamic inventors changed the world
16 Carpets were regarded as part of Paradise by medieval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art. In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned". Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.
20 Gardens: Medieval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip.
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Debunking more of the Islamic Invention claims:
Carpets:
History of Persian Carpets:
Although cotton was used for the warp and weft of the carpet, wool became the basic weaving material for carpets. This material, as well as silk, are still used today to weave authentic Persian carpets. A key feature in making the carpets is the bright colors used to form the intricate designs and patterns. Besides being used as basic furniture, the carpet was also a form of writing and expression for the tribesmen, as well as being used as a prayer mat by thousands of Muslim believers.
The earliest known Persian carpet was discovered by Russian Professor Rudenko in 1949 during excavations of burial mounds in the Altai Mountains in Siberia. Called the Pazyryk rug, its central field is a deep red color and it has two wide borders, one depicting deer and the other Persian horseman. It dates from the fifth century B.C. and is now kept in the Hermitage museum of Leningrad. It was discovered in the grave of a Scythian prince by a group of Russian archaeologists under the supervision of Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko. Radiocarbon testing revealed that Pazyryk carpet was woven in the 5th century BC. This carpet is 1.83×2 meters and has 36 symmetrical knots per cm². The advanced weaving technique used in the Pazyryk carpet indicates a long history of evolution and experience in this art. Most experts believe that the Pazyryk carpet is a late achievement of at least one thousand years of technique evolution and history.
According to this theory the art of carpet-weaving in Iran is at least 3500 years old.
Another rug found in the same area, this time with a Senneh knot, dates to the first century B.C. However, historical records show that the court of Cyrus the Great, who founded the Persian monarchy over 2,500 years ago, was bedecked by magnificent carpets long before the time of these discoveries. Classical tales recount how Alexander the Great found carpet of a very fine fabric in the Cyrus tomb.
Garden carpets of Persia:
In the days of Chosroes I., the most important of the Sassanid princes (531—579A.D), a marvellous carpet representing a garden was woven. The garden carpet was sixty yards square and made of the finest materials:
The ground represented a pleasure-garden, with streams and paths, trees and beautiful spring flowers. The wide border all round showed flower-beds of various colouring, the “ flowers” being blue, red, yellow, or white stones. The ground was yellowish, to look like earth, and it was worked in gold. The edges of the streams were worked in stripes, and between them stones bright as crystal gave the illusion of water, the size of the pebbles being what pearls might be. The stalks and branches were gold or silver, the leaves of trees and flowers made of silk, like the rest of the plants; and the fruits were coloured stones.
This is the earliest extant account of a Persian carpet, and it was known either as the winter carpet, or as the spring garden, of King Chosroes. Several garden carpets of the same kind, but of a later date, have been preserved.
Creek Carpets:
5th Century In Greece Flokati hand woven rugs appear originating in the Trikala region.
Gardens:
http://www.gardenvisit.com/garden_history/garden_types/domestic_garden.htm
Domestic garden
'Domestic' derives from the Sanskrit. damah, the Avestan demana,and the Greek. domos all meaning 'house'. A domestic garden is therefore a garden attached to a house.
The origin of domestic gardens lie beyond the reach of recorded history. Yet the oldest pictorial records of domestic gardens, from Ancient Egypt, show them to have been astonishingly similar to modern domestic gardens. The gardens shown in Egyptian tomb paintings were, of course, the gardens of the rich. Now that so many people are rich, we all want gardens like those of Egypt's pharoah's: with shelters, pools, shady walks, pergolas and plants growing in terracotta pots.
Temple gardens
The first temples were built to protect statues of gods from the weather. They were not built for congregational worship.See information on sacred groves.
When temples became large and important structures it began to look as though the surrounding space was a garden, attached to a temple as domestic garden is attached to a house. This was especially so when temples were closed to public access and the space within the protective wall became a compound for priests.
The Temples of Hatshseput and Mentuhotep, in Egypt, and the Temple of Hephaistos, in Greece, are of particular interest because planting positions have been located. |
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thunderbalt
Joined: 06 Jan 2005
Posts: 2975
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| Posted: Sun Mar 12, 2006 12:19 am Post subject: |
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| Quote: |
This is the article:
There are many inaccuracies therein.
How Islamic inventors changed the world
5 Bathing: Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade. But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not wash. Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV. |
More debunking of Islamic Invention claims:
Bathing:
http://www.sdahq.org/cleaning/history/soaphistory3.html
The origins of personal cleanliness date back to prehistoric times. Since water is essential for life, the earliest people lived near water and knew something about its cleansing properties - at least that it rinsed mud off their hands.
A soap-like material found in clay cylinders during the excavation of ancient Babylon is evidence that soapmaking was known as early as 2800 B.C. Inscriptions on the cylinders say that fats were boiled with ashes, which is a method of making soap, but do not refer to the purpose of the "soap." Such materials were later used as hair styling aids.
Records show that ancient Egyptians bathed regularly. The Ebers Papyrus, a medical document from about 1500 B.C., describes combining animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts to form a soap-like material used for treating skin diseases, as well as for washing
At about the same time, Moses gave the Israelites detailed laws governing personal cleanliness. He also related cleanliness to health and religious purification. Biblical accounts suggest that the Israelites knew that mixing ashes and oil produced a kind of hair gel.
The early Greeks bathed for aesthetic reasons and apparently did not use soap. Instead, they cleaned their bodies with blocks of clay, sand, pumice and ashes, then anointed themselves with oil, and scraped off the oil and dirt with a metal instrument known as a strigil. They also used oil with ashes. Clothes were washed without soap in streams.
Soap got its name, according to an ancient Roman legend, from Mount Sapo, where animals were sacrificed. Rain washed a mixture of melted animal fat, or tallow, and wood ashes down into the clay soil along the Tiber River. Women found that this clay mixture made their wash cleaner with much less effort.
The ancient Germans and Gauls are also credited with discovering a substance called soap, made of tallow and ashes, that they used to tint their hair red.
As Roman civilization advanced, so did bathing. The first of the famous Roman baths, supplied with water from their aqueducts, was built about 312 B.C. The baths were luxurious, and bathing became very popular. By the second century A.D., the Greek physician, Galen, recommended soap for both medicinal and cleansing purposes.
Roman baths
[img]http://re2.mm-a1.yimg.com/image/408706855[/img]
[img]http://re2.mm-a1.yimg.com/image/402168136[/img]
[img]http://re2.mm-b1.yimg.com/image/471306037[/img]
After the fall of Rome in 467 A.D. and the resulting decline in bathing habits, much of Europe felt the impact of filth upon public health. This lack of personal cleanliness and related unsanitary living conditions contributed heavily to the great plagues of the Middle Ages, and especially to the Black Death of the 14th century. It wasn't until the 17th century that cleanliness and bathing started to come back into fashion in much of Europe. Still there were areas of the medieval world where personal cleanliness remained important. Daily bathing was a common custom in Japan during the Middle Ages. And in Iceland, pools warmed with water from hot springs were popular gathering places on Saturday evenings.
Soapmaking was an established craft in Europe by the seventh century. Soapmaker guilds guarded their trade secrets closely. Vegetable and animal oils were used with ashes of plants, along with fragrance. Gradually more varieties of soap became available for shaving and shampooing, as well as bathing and laundering.
Italy, Spain and France were early centers of soap manufacturing, due to their ready supply of raw materials such as oil from olive trees. The English began making soap during the 12th century. The soap business was so good that in 1622, King James I granted a monopoly to a soapmaker for $100,000 a year. Well into the 19th century, soap was heavily taxed as a luxury item in several countries. When the high tax was removed, soap became available to ordinary people, and cleanliness standards improved.
Commercial soapmaking in the American colonies began in 1608 with the arrival of several soapmakers on the second ship from England to reach Jamestown, VA. However, for many years, soapmaking stayed essentially a household chore. Eventually, professional soapmakers began regularly collecting waste fats from households, in exchange for some soap.
A major step toward large-scale commercial soapmaking occurred in 1791 when a French chemist, Nicholas Leblanc, patented a process for making soda ash, or sodium carbonate, from common salt. Soda ash is the alkali obtained from ashes that combines with fat to form soap. The Leblanc process yielded quantities of good quality, inexpensive soda ash.
The science of modern soapmaking was bom some 20 years later with the discovery by Michel Eugene Chevreul, another French chemist, of the chemical nature and relationship of fats, glycerine and fatty acids. His studies established the basis for both fat and soap chemistry.
Also important to the advancement of soap technology was the mid-1800s invention by the Belgian chemist, Ernest Solvay, of the ammonia process, which also used common table salt, or sodium chloride, to make soda ash. Solvay's process further reduced the cost of obtaining this alkali, and increased both the quality and quantity of the soda ash available for manufacturing soap.
These scientific discoveries, together with the development of power to operate factories, made soapmaking one of America's fastest-growing industries by 1850. At the same time, its broad availability changed soap from a luxury item to an everyday necessity. With this widespread use came the development of milder soaps for bathing and soaps for use in the washing machines that were available to consumers by the turn of the century.
The chemistry of soap manufacturing stayed essentially the same until 1916, when the first synthetic detergent was developed in Germany in response to a World War I-related shortage of fats for making soap. Known today simply as detergents, synthetic detergents are non-soap washing and cleaning products that are "synthesized" or put together chemically from a variety of raw materials. The discovery of detergents was also driven by the need for a cleaning agent that, unlike soap, would not combine with the mineral salts in water to form an insoluble substance known as soap curd.
Household detergent production in the United States began in the early 1930s, but did not really take off until after World War II. The war-time interruption of fat and oil supplies as well as the military's need for a cleaning agent that would work in mineral-rich sea water and in cold water had further stimulated research on detergents.
The first detergents were used chiefly for hand dishwashing and fine fabric laundering. The breakthrough in the development of detergents for all-purpose laundry uses came in 1946, when the first "built" detergent (containing a surfactant/builder combination) was introduced in the U.S. The surfactant is a detergent product's basic cleaning ingredient, while the builder helps the surfactant to work more efficiently. Phosphate compounds used as builders in these detergents vastly improved performance, making them suitable for cleaning heavily soiled laundry.
By 1953, sales of detergents in this country had surpassed those of soap. Now detergents have all but replaced soap-based products for laundering, dishwashing and household cleaning. Detergents (alone or in combination with soap) are also found in many of the bars and liquids used for personal cleansing.
Since those early achievements in detergent and builder chemistry, new product activity has continued to focus on developing cleaning products that are efficient and easy to use, as well as safe for consumers and for the environment. Here's a summary of some of those innovations:
1950s
Automatic dishwasher powders
Liquid laundry, hand dishwashing and all-purpose cleaning products
Fabric softeners (rinse-cycle added)
Detergent with oxygen bleach
1960s
Prewash soil and stain removers
Laundry powders with enzymes
Enzyme presoaks
1970s
Liquid hand soaps
Fabric softeners (sheets and wash-cycle added)
Multifunctional products (e.g., detergent with fabric softener)
1980s
Detergents for cooler water washing
Automatic dishwasher liquids
Concentrated laundry powders
1990s
Ultra (superconcentrated) powder and liquid detergents
Ultra fabric softeners
Automatic dishwasher gels
Laundry and cleaning product refills
2006
Muslims claim they are the inventor of soap and England was dirty before they graced it by their presence!
Last edited by thunderbalt on Tue Mar 14, 2006 2:48 am; edited 1 time in total |
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PunkMaister
Joined: 02 Mar 2006
Posts: 5582
Location: Ponce, P.R (With very, very few muslims around,thankfully!)
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| Posted: Sun Mar 12, 2006 12:27 am Post subject: |
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| Visitor wrote: |
They also saved the world from world war III. The two sides in the cold war realised that if true war would strike out, they would have inihilated each other and the world with it.
Now imagine the a-bomb in the hands of a muslim who follows the Koran by the letter... So what if the world ends? He gets his 20 virgins, yay!  |
Tell me about it! 
And wasn't it 72 virgins?
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Why are no SIGs of any kind allowed here? |
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Richard_The _Lionheart
Joined: 07 Sep 2004
Posts: 6166
Location: England
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| Posted: Sun Mar 12, 2006 12:40 am Post subject: |
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3 Chess: - Chess was invented in India; this is a well-known fact.
Muslims and their dhimmi supporters never tire of rehashing the same long debunked lies to make Islam look enlightened.
| Quote: |
Many countries claim to have invented the chess game in some incipient form. The most commonly held view is that chess originated in Sindh. The oldest known chess pieces have been found in excavations at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, dated to circa 3000 BC. The earliest mention of chess appears in the Indian epic, the Mahabharata, written circa 500 BC, where it was called Chaturanga.
As a matter of fact, the Arabic, Persian, Greek and Spanish words for chess, are all derived from the Sanskrit Chaturanga. |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess#History 
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What the world needs is not dogma but an attitude of scientific inquiry combined with a belief that the torture of millions is not desirable, whether inflicted by Stalin or by a Deity imagined in the likeness of the believer. - Bertrand Russell. |
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